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Carotenoids can serve several important functions. The most widely studied and well-understood nutritional role for carotenoids is their pro-vitamin A activity. Vitamin A, which has many vital functions in humans, can be produced by the human body from certain carotenoids, such as beta-carotene.
Beta and alpha carotene are precursors to vitamin A and act as antioxidant nutrients. They are the only carotenoids converted to appreciable amounts of vitamin A. Beta and alpha carotene are important for the immune system and provide resistance to infection. They are also necessary for the development and maintenance of healthy epithelial tissue and mucous membranes such as, the lining of the lungs, bronchi and other respiratory tissues. Epithelial tissue forms a barrier against bacteria and other foreign substances and aids directly in the prevention of infection and disease.
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